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<urlset xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:image="http://www.google.com/schemas/sitemap-image/1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9 http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9/sitemap.xsd"><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2018/12/07/the-infernal-slave-trade-what-role-africans/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/olaudah_equiano_frontpiece_from_the_interesting_narrative_of_the_life_of_olaudah_equiano.png</image:loc><image:title>Olaudah_Equiano,_frontpiece_from_The_Interesting_Narrative_of_the_Life_of_Olaudah_Equiano</image:title><image:caption>Olaudah Equiano, former slave who lived in England and wrote his autobiography </image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/bishop_samuel_ajayi_crowther_1867-wikipedia-public-domain.png</image:loc><image:title>Bishop_Samuel_Ajayi_Crowther_1867 Wikipedia public domain</image:title><image:caption>Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther the former slave rescued by the British Anti-Slavery Patrol.  Source: Wikipedia public domain photo</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/henry_louis_gates_2014_cropped-wikipedia.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Henry_Louis_Gates_2014_(cropped) Wikipedia</image:title><image:caption>Dr. Gates accepting a Peabody Award for his PBS documentary on African-Americans. Source Wikipedia</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ibinukpabi-cave-or-long-tunnel-now-a-tourist-site-source-oldnaija-com.png</image:loc><image:title>Ibinukpabi cave or long tunnel, now a tourist site source oldnaija.com</image:title><image:caption>Entrance to the tunnel of the Long Juju shrine (Ibinukpabi) at Arochukwu, now a tourist attraction.</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/the-adult-onyeama-colonial-warrant-chief.png</image:loc><image:title>The adult Onyeama, colonial warrant chief</image:title><image:caption>Onyeama as a grown man and famous colonial warrant chief</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2025-10-17T06:16:34+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2018/10/29/their-guns-were-greater/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/english-cannon.jpg</image:loc><image:title>English cannon</image:title><image:caption>English 20 inch cannon with stone cannon balls. Source: Wikipedia</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/matchlock-musketeer-source-heritage.jpg</image:loc><image:title>matchlock musketeer source Heritage</image:title><image:caption>Matchlock musketeers with paraphernalia. Note lit "match" in the left hand of first and second musketeer. Source: Heritage.</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/vulcan1-gatling-style-gun-source-wikipedia-taken-by-thomas-fedor.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Vulcan1 Gatling style gun source Wikipedia taken by Thomas Fedor</image:title><image:caption>Vulcan 1 Gatling style gun. Source: Wikipedia, photo by Thomas Fedor</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2025-10-13T12:23:50+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2020/12/22/was-industrial-take-off-possible-in-19th-century-west-africa/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/boko-haram-leader-abubakar-shekau.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Boko Haram leader Abubakar Shekau</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/biafran-war-nigerian-troops-at-asaba-1967.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Biafran war, Nigerian troops at Asaba 1967</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/biafran-soldier-shouting-instructions-during-the-biafran-war.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Biafran soldier shouting instructions during the Biafran war</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/kano-dey-pits.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Kano dey pits</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2023-01-25T01:54:07+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2018/07/27/can-we-think-of-other-possible-reasons-for-underdevelopment-apart-from-european-intervention-part-2/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-11T23:00:12+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2020/10/28/would-africa-have-industrialized-if-there-had-been-no-colonialism/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/shenzhen-china-before.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Shenzhen, China before</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/futian-district-shenzhen-in-2017.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Futian District, Shenzhen in 2017</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/children-working-in-an-american-factory-during-us-industrialization.png</image:loc><image:title>Children working in an American factory during US industrialization</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/industrialization-involved-the-mechanization-of-agriculture.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Industrialization involved the mechanization of agriculture</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/inikori-photo.jpg</image:loc><image:title>inikori photo</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2022-02-04T04:56:58+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2020/10/11/the-other-side-of-colonialism-part-3/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ahmadu-bello.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Ahmadu Bello</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/graduating-students-of-barewa-college-in-2017.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Graduating students of Barewa College in 2017</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/kwame-nkrumah.png</image:loc><image:title>Kwame-Nkrumah</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/nnamdi-azikiwe.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Nnamdi-Azikiwe</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/dogonyaro-tree.jpg</image:loc><image:title>dogonyaro tree</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2020-10-11T02:50:01+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2020/08/27/the-other-side-of-colonialism-part-2-continued/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/hausa-constabulary.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Hausa Constabulary</image:title><image:caption>Glover's Hausa Constabulary</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/sir_john_hawley_glover_1829-1885.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Sir_John_Hawley_Glover_(1829-1885)</image:title><image:caption>Sir John Hawley Glover, governor of Lagos</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/west-african-frontier-force-troops-with-machine-gun.jpg</image:loc><image:title>West African Frontier Force troops with machine gun</image:title><image:caption>West African Frontier Force troops with machine gun</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/frederick-lugard-.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Frederick-Lugard-</image:title><image:caption>Frederick Lugard, first governor-general of Nigeiria</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/1024px-s._v._ivanov._trade_negotiations_in_the_country_of_eastern_slavs._pictures_of_russian_history._1909.jpg</image:loc><image:title>1024px-S._V._Ivanov._Trade_negotiations_in_the_country_of_Eastern_Slavs._Pictures_of_Russian_history._(1909)</image:title><image:caption>The Rus, a medieval people of disputed origin, slave trading with Khazars in Eastern Europe</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/white-barbary-coast-galley-slaves.jpg</image:loc><image:title>White Barbary Coast galley slaves</image:title><image:caption>European galley slaves of the Barbary Coast (North Africa)</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2020-12-01T18:41:39+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2020/08/19/the-other-side-of-colonialism-part-2/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/twins-in-igbo-ora.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Twins in Igbo Ora</image:title><image:caption>Twins from Igbo Ora, the "Twins Capital of the World."</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/igbo-ora-twins-capital-of-the-world.jpeg</image:loc><image:title>Igbo Ora twins capital of the world</image:title><image:caption>Festival celebrating twins held in Igbo Ora in Yorubaland. It is said that the town has more twins than anywhere else in the region.</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/mary-slessor-statue-in-calabar.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Mary Slessor statue in Calabar</image:title><image:caption>Statue of Mary Slessor in Calabar, where she is revered for her work in saving twins</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/mary-slessor.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Mary Slessor</image:title><image:caption>Scottish missionary Mary Slessor (1848-1915) in Calabar, SE Nigeria with some of the twin children she saved.</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2020-08-19T22:56:24+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2020/07/21/the-other-side-of-colonialism-part-1/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/baba-of-karo.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Baba-of-Karo</image:title><image:caption>Baba, a Hausa woman born in the 1890s</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/saadu_abubakar_-sultan_of_sokoto.jpg</image:loc><image:title>-Sa'adu_Abubakar_-Sultan_of_Sokoto</image:title><image:caption>Sa'adu Abubakar, current Sultan of Sokoto</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/professor-adu-boahen.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Professor Adu Boahen</image:title><image:caption>The late Professor A. Adu Boahen, eminent Ghanaian historian of colonialism,</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2020-07-21T11:29:09+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2019/10/14/how-to-defeat-colonialism-in-two-easy-lessons-part-2/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/joseph_stalin_with_daughter_svetlana_1935.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Joseph_Stalin_with_daughter_Svetlana,_1935</image:title><image:caption>"Stalin was a human being," is the brilliant opening line of vol 2 of Stephen Kotkin's massive biography of the Soviet dictator, considered a monster by many. Here is Stalin carrying his daughter Svetlana.</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/lenin.png</image:loc><image:title>Lenin</image:title><image:caption>Lenin, the Bolshevik revolutionary and first Soviet leader</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/soviet-armor-in-berlin-1945.jpg</image:loc><image:title>soviet-armor-in-berlin-1945</image:title><image:caption>Red Army IS (Iosif Stalin) II tanks rumble down the shattered streets of Berlin in 1945. Some experts think the Russian IS-2 and T-34 were the best heavy and medium tanks of the war.</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/massed-german-armour-one-month-into-operation-barbarossa.-source-the-atlantic-ap-photo.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Massed German armour one month into Operation Barbarossa. source The Atlantic AP photo</image:title><image:caption>Massed German armour in Russia in July 1941, during Operation Barbarossa, which planned to annihilate the Red Army in eight weeks. The Red Army defeated Barbarossa outside Moscow during Marshal Zhukov's massive counterattack in December 1941.</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/hitler-salutes-his-troops-during-the-polish-campaign.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Polen, Parade vor Adolf Hitler</image:title><image:caption>Adolf Hitler salutes his troops as they march during the Polish campaign of 1939</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2019-10-15T11:56:03+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2019/08/28/how-to-defeat-colonialism-in-two-easy-lessons/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/340px-meiji_emperorcropped.jpg</image:loc><image:title>340px-Meiji_Emperor(cropped)</image:title><image:caption>The young Mutsuhito who became Emperor Meiji, and became the symbol of transforming Japan</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/takayoshi_kido_suit.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Takayoshi_Kido_suit</image:title><image:caption>One of the great Japanese reformers, Kido Koin</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/perry-japan-miniature-train-model-train-closeup-1024x684.jpg</image:loc><image:title>perry-japan-miniature-train-model-train-closeup-1024x684</image:title><image:caption>Miniature train Commodore Perry brought as a gift for the Japanese emperor</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/hausa-soldiers-and-officer-2.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Hausa soldiers and officer 2</image:title><image:caption>Hausa colonial soldiers with their British officer</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2020-02-14T14:36:16+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2019/07/25/catastrophic-colonial-conquest-how-did-africans-prepare-for-it/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/french-battle-dahomey-troops-in-the-conquest-of-the-kingdom.jpg</image:loc><image:title>French battle Dahomey troops in the conquest of the kingdom</image:title><image:caption>French troops battle the forces of King Behanzin of Dahomey</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/hms_dominion.jpg</image:loc><image:title>HMS_Dominion</image:title><image:caption>HMS Dominion, Royal Navy battleship built in the colonial conquest era</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/hiram-maxim-and-his-machine-gun.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Hiram Maxim and his machine gun</image:title><image:caption>Inventor Hiram Maxim with his machine gun</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/prempeh_i.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Prempeh_I</image:title><image:caption>Otumfuo (all powerful) Prempeh I, the Ashantihene, or emperor of the Ashanti</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/otto-von-bismarck.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Otto von Bismarck</image:title><image:caption>The Iron Chancellor of Germany, Bismarck. He organized the Berlin West Africa Conference where Africa was divided among the Europeans</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2022-03-19T04:39:00+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2019/06/27/the-scramble-for-what/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/t.-buxton.jpg</image:loc><image:title>T. Buxton</image:title><image:caption>Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/wadstrom.jpg</image:loc><image:title>wadstrom</image:title><image:caption>C.B. Wadstrom in Africa, teaching an African the way to truth and civilization.</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2019-07-11T21:39:02+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2019/05/23/and-this-time-no-one-died/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/220px-bloodlettingphoto-from-1860-in-wikipedia.jpg</image:loc><image:title>220px-BloodlettingPhoto from 1860 in Wikipedia</image:title><image:caption>Photo of bloodletting from 1860 (from Wikipedia)</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/cinchona-bark.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Cinchona bark</image:title><image:caption>Cinchona bark, found to cure malaria</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/anopheles-gambiae-2.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Anopheles Gambiae 2</image:title><image:caption>Anopheles Gambiae mosquito</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/william-balfour-baikie.jpg</image:loc><image:title>William Balfour Baikie</image:title><image:caption>Dr. William Balfour Baikie, leader of the 1854 expedition up the River Niger and River Benue</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2019-05-23T04:54:38+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2018/07/17/why-this-blog-why-this-topic/</loc><lastmod>2019-04-23T18:34:16+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2019/04/22/any-gifts-for-the-boys/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/heinrich-barth.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Heinrich Barth</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2010_nigeria-police-cartoon-by-basati.jpg</image:loc><image:title>2010_Nigeria Police Cartoon by Basati</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/samuel-crowther-e1414707411287-second-pic.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Samuel-Crowther-e1414707411287 second pic</image:title><image:caption>Samuel Ajayi Crowther, freed slave and first bishop of the Niger</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2019-04-22T03:53:59+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2019/04/03/the-hungry-river/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/the-river-niger.jpg</image:loc><image:title>the river niger</image:title><image:caption>The 2600 mile long River Niger, the main river of West Africa</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/mungo_park_portrait_bw.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Mungo_Park_portrait_bw</image:title><image:caption>Mungo Park made two expeditions to the River Niger, in 1795 and 1805</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/220px-hugh_clapperton_portrait.jpg</image:loc><image:title>220px-Hugh_Clapperton_portrait</image:title><image:caption>Captain Hugh Clapperton</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2019-04-11T19:55:25+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2019/03/26/yes-we-can-make-guns/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/hausa-leather-pouf-round-1a_poufs-of-the-sahel_afrimod.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Hausa-Leather-Pouf-Round-1a_Poufs-of-the-Sahel_AfriMod</image:title><image:caption>Leather pouf made famous over the centuries by Hausa craftsmen </image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/bag-made-by-hausa-people.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Bag made by Hausa people</image:title><image:caption>Hausa bag of the type made in Kano </image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/kano-tannery1.jpg</image:loc><image:title>kano-tannery1</image:title><image:caption>Tannery in the city of Kano</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/map-of-the-sokoto-caliphate.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Map of the Sokoto Caliphate</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ghanagun-makarov-and-replica.jpg</image:loc><image:title>ghanagun Makarov and replica</image:title><image:caption>Russian Makarov and Ghanaian copy</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/craft-pistols-produced-by-artisans-in-nigeria.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Craft pistols produced by artisans in Nigeria</image:title><image:caption>Pistols produced by illegal gunsmiths in Nigeria</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2019-03-27T15:18:46+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2019/03/15/blind-tours-in-the-white-mans-country-part-3/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/french-sailing-ship-reconstructed-in-the-21st-century.png</image:loc><image:title>French sailing ship reconstructed in the 21st century</image:title><image:caption>French sailing ship of the 18th century recreated in the 21st century</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/british-sail-ship-of-the-slave-trade-era-under-construction.jpg</image:loc><image:title>British sail ship of the slave trade era under construction</image:title><image:caption>British ocean-going sailing ship under construction</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/hms_dreadnought_1906_h61017.jpg</image:loc><image:title>HMS_Dreadnought_1906_H61017</image:title><image:caption>HMS Dreadnought, Royal Navy battleship launched in 1906, in the era of colonial wars</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/toshimichi_okubo_4.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Toshimichi_Okubo_4</image:title><image:caption>Okubo Toshimichi, one of the young samurai who played a leadership role in Japan’s transformation from a backward feudal state to an industrial powerhouse</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/commodore_matthew_calbraith_perry.png</image:loc><image:title>Commodore_Matthew_Calbraith_Perry</image:title><image:caption>Commodore Mathew Perry and his "Black Ships" forced Japan to open up to American trade.</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2021-07-04T12:44:20+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2019/03/05/blind-tours-in-the-white-mans-country-part-2/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/fort-william-at-anomabu.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Fort William at Anomabu</image:title><image:caption>Fort William at Anomabu in modern Ghana</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/don-matheo-lopez-ambassador-of-allada-to-the-court-of-louis-xiv-in-france.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Don Matheo Lopez, ambassador of Allada to the court of Louis XIV in France</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2021-07-04T20:12:20+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2019/02/25/blind-tours-in-the-white-mans-country/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/portrait_of_john_ii_of_portugal.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Portrait_of_John_II_of_Portugal</image:title><image:caption>King Joao II of Portugal</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/bust-of-septimius-severus.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Bust of Septimius Severus</image:title><image:caption>Bust of Roman Emperor Septimius Severus</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/william_ansah_sessarakoo_2.jpg</image:loc><image:title>William_Ansah_Sessarakoo_2</image:title><image:caption>Portrait of Prince William Ansah Sesserakoo of Anomabu sent to study in England in 1747</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/the-olu-of-warri-ogiame-ikenwoli-1.jpg</image:loc><image:title>The-Olu-of-Warri-Ogiame-Ikenwoli-1</image:title><image:caption>Olu Ogiame Ikenwoli I, present king of Warri </image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2025-08-22T18:25:59+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2019/02/04/battle-of-the-noisy-weapons-the-effort-to-end-the-slave-trade-on-the-african-coast/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/hms_niger_1846.jpg</image:loc><image:title>HMS_Niger_(1846)</image:title><image:caption>HMS "Niger", one of the gunboats at the battles to drive Kosoko from Lagos</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/oba-kosoko-of-lagos.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Oba Kosoko of Lagos</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/oba-akitoye-of-lagos.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Oba Akitoye of Lagos</image:title><image:caption>Oba Akitoye, king of Lagos</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/henry_john_temple_3rd_viscount_palmerston.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston</image:title><image:caption>Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Foreign Secretary of the British Government</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/consul-john-beecroft.jpg</image:loc><image:title>unknown artist; Governor John Beecroft (1790-1854), Spanish Governor of the Island of Fernando Po and Her Majesty's Consul for the Bight of Biafra</image:title><image:caption>John Beecroft, Consul of the Bights of Benin and Biafra for Her Majesty's Government</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2019-02-12T00:26:58+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2019/01/02/the-slave-trade-who-ran-things-on-the-african-coast-africans-or-europeans/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Fort-Gross-Fredericksburg-in-Ghana-Ghana-museums-and-monuments-board.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Fort Gross Fredericksburg in Ghana Ghana museums and monuments board</image:title><image:caption>Fort Gross Fredericksburg in Ghana. Source: Ghana museum and monuments board</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Anopheles-Gambiae-mosquito-vector-of-falciparum.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Anopheles Gambiae mosquito vector of falciparum</image:title><image:caption>The Anopheles Gambiae mosquito, the vector of malaria falciparum. Nigerian school children were taught to recognize its distinctive upward pointing hind legs</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Plasmodium-falciparum-parasite-a-macro-and-microgametocyte.png</image:loc><image:title>Plasmodium falciparum parasite a macro and microgametocyte</image:title><image:caption>Macro and micro gametocytes of the Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest form of maleria</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/King-Afonso-of-Kongo.jpg</image:loc><image:title>King Afonso of Kongo</image:title><image:caption>King Afonso of Kongo</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/King-Guezo-of-Dahomey.jpg</image:loc><image:title>King Guezo of Dahomey</image:title><image:caption>King Guezo, seated</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/JohnNewtonColour.jpg</image:loc><image:title>JohnNewtonColour</image:title><image:caption>John Newton, slave trader and writer of the hymn "Amazing Grace".</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Walter_Rodney.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Walter_Rodney</image:title><image:caption>The late Marxist history professor Walter Rodney</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2025-10-12T16:26:43+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2018/11/19/slavery-the-peculiar-institution/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/didi-mehn-contemporary-osu-his-girlfriends-parents-rejected-him-as-a-suitor-for-their-daughter-source-filopost.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Didi Mehn, contemporary osu. His girlfriends parents rejected him as a suitor for their daughter. Source FiloPost</image:title><image:caption>Didi Mehn, a descendant of osus, who were religions slaves in pre-colonial times in Igboland. His girlfriend's parents rejected him as a suitor for their daughter because of his osu lineage.  Source: FiloOost</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/mulai-ahmed-er-raisuni-the-last-slave-raiding-barbary-corsair.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Mulai Ahmed er Raisuni, the last slave raiding Barbary corsair</image:title><image:caption>Mulai Ahmed er Raisuni, the last slave raiding Barbary corsair</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/slave-market-in-ancient-rome-by-jean-lc3a9on-gc3a9rc3b4me.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Slave market in ancient Rome by Jean-Léon Gérôme</image:title><image:caption>Slave Market in ancient Rome. By  Jean-Leon Gerome.  </image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/professor-orlando-patterson.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Professor Orlando Patterson</image:title><image:caption>Professor Orlando Patterson</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/handbill-advertising-a-slave-auction-in-charleston-1789-public-domain.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Handbill advertising a Slave Auction in Charleston 1789 public domain</image:title><image:caption>Handbill advertising a slave auction in Charleston in 1789</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2018-11-20T16:16:45+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2018/10/15/what-is-mansa-musa-to-me-regal-black-or-wasteful-king/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ajaokuta-steel-plant-1.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Ajaokuta-steel-plant-1</image:title><image:caption>The derelict Ajaokuta steel mill today. Source: Premium Times of Nigeria</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/molefi-kete-asante-source-the-spectator.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Molefi Kete Asante source The Spectator</image:title><image:caption>Professor Molefi Kete Asante. Source The Spectator (Ghana)</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/republic-of-gambia-gold-coin-commemorating-mansa-musa.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Republic of Gambia gold coin commemorating Mansa Musa</image:title><image:caption>Republic of Gambia gold coin commemorating Mansa Musa's reign</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2018-10-22T16:38:11+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2018/09/27/africa-before-trouble-start/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/800px-timbuktu-manuscripts-astronomy-mathematics.jpg</image:loc><image:title>800px-Timbuktu-manuscripts-astronomy-mathematics</image:title><image:caption>Timbuktu manuscript of Astronomy and Mathematics. Source: Wikipedia public domain</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/igbo-ukwu-ceremonial-vessel-ochiwar-at-wikipedia.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Igbo ukwu ceremonial vessel Ochiwar at Wikipedia</image:title><image:caption>Bronze ceremonial vessel from Igbo-Ukwu.
Source: Ochiwar at Wikipedia</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/igbo-ukwu1-roped-pot.jpg</image:loc><image:title>igbo-ukwu1 roped pot</image:title><image:caption>Roped pot from Igbo-Ukwu. </image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/fela-kuti2-leni-sinclair.jpg</image:loc><image:title>fela-kuti2 leni sinclair</image:title><image:caption>Fela Anikulapo Kuti, the "Black President" and Afrobeat king. Photo by Leni Sinclair </image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/mansa-musa.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Mansa-Musa</image:title><image:caption>Mansa Musa </image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/mansa-musa-map-wiki-public-domain.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Mansa Musa map Wiki public domain</image:title><image:caption>Mansa Musa as portrayed in a 1375 Catalan atlas. Source Wikipedia </image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2018-09-27T19:35:35+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2018/09/07/the-gods-will-have-blood/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/human_sacrifice_in_yoruba.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Human_Sacrifice_in_Yoruba</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/victims_for_sacrifice-in-dahomey-1793.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Victims_for_sacrifice in Dahomey-1793</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ashanti-golden-stool-from-ghana-headlines.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Ashanti golden stool from Ghana Headlines</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/giant-ekwe-of-umunze.jpg</image:loc><image:title>giant ekwe of Umunze</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/man-with-normal-size-ekwe.jpg</image:loc><image:title>man with normal size Ekwe</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2021-07-04T23:19:36+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2018/08/24/here-be-cannibals/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/ritual-cannibalism-among-the-aztecs-source-wikipedia-commons.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Ritual cannibalism among the Aztecs source wikipedia commons</image:title><image:caption>Ritual cannibalism among the Aztecs. Source: Wikipedia commons.</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/the_mali_empire-image-by-gabriel-moss.jpg</image:loc><image:title>The_Mali_Empire image by Gabriel Moss</image:title><image:caption>Image by Gabriel Moss</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/wedding-in-arochukwu-2006-jeremy-weate-flickr-files.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Wedding in Arochukwu 2006 Jeremy Weate, Flickr files</image:title><image:caption>Wedding in Arochukwu 2006,  Jeremy Weate Flickr</image:caption></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/traditional-ceremony-in-arochukwu-source-bellanaija.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Traditional ceremony in Arochukwu source BellaNaija</image:title><image:caption>Traditional ceremony in modern Arochukwu.
Image Source: BellaNaija</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2024-05-01T01:33:16+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2018/08/17/why-are-africans-such-savages/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/pictish-tribal-warrior-from-scotland-with-trophy-heads.jpg</image:loc><image:title>Pictish tribal warrior from Scotland with trophy heads</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/naked-gauls-fighting-romans.gif</image:loc><image:title>Naked Gauls fighting Romans</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/liberian_rebels_second_civil_war.png</image:loc><image:title>Liberian_rebels_(second_civil_war)</image:title></image:image><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/american-soldiers-and-captured-vietcong-guerrillas.jpg</image:loc><image:title>American soldiers and captured Vietcong guerrillas</image:title><image:caption>06 Nov 1965, Da Nang, South Vietnam --- 11/6/1965- Da Nang, South Vietnam-  Viet Cong prisoners with their hands tied behind their backs are marched along in a small group where each man is joined to the other by cloth bands around the neck.  A marine leads the Viet Cong on a halter during a marine operation from Da Nang. --- Image by © Bettmann/CORBIS</image:caption></image:image><lastmod>2018-09-17T23:29:43+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2018/07/30/how-traditional-societies-make-any-change-difficult/</loc><lastmod>2018-08-09T22:27:37+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/2018/07/21/can-we-think-of-possible-reasons-for-african-underdevelopment-other-than-european-intervention/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-11T23:30:18+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/about-me/</loc><lastmod>2018-07-17T05:08:20+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org/contact/</loc><image:image><image:loc>https://hauda.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/person-smartphone-office-table.jpeg</image:loc><image:title>Placeholder Image</image:title></image:image><lastmod>2018-06-23T22:00:01+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>weekly</changefreq><priority>0.6</priority></url><url><loc>https://hauda.org</loc><changefreq>daily</changefreq><priority>1.0</priority><lastmod>2025-10-17T06:16:34+00:00</lastmod></url></urlset>
